The G major scale is another foundational element of Western music, characterized by its uplifting and bright tonality. It consists of the notes G, A, B, C, D, E, F♯, and then returns to G, completing the octave. Unlike the C major scale, which uses only the white keys on a piano, the G major scale introduces one sharp (F♯).

From the G major scale, we can derive several triads or chords, each based on one of the scale’s seven notes, by adding the third and fifth notes above each root according to the scale. The quality of each chord—major, minor, or diminished—is determined by the interval between the root and the third. A major third interval (comprising 4 semitones) forms a major chord, while a minor third interval (comprising 3 semitones) leads to a minor chord.

The chords derived from the G major scale are:

The relative minor of G major is E minor, sharing the same key signature (one sharp, F♯)